Is Holmes a high functioning sociopath? Actually he is a schizoid narcissist
Poirot? The same. Both cloak their sadism as moral uprightness.

Are personality disorders merely culture bound diagnoses?

Psychopathy as self-state, protective ego resource in DID, BPD (secondary), NPD, HPD, PPD.

Philip Bromberg's work.

Decompensation owing to intolerable anticipated or actual stress or trauma (CPTSD/PTSD): grandiose and fantasy defenses crumble and lead to acting out or to suicide.

Emergence of a psychopathic protective self-state (same in DID).

But protect from what?

NPD: injury, mortification (hypervigilance) leads to contact with trauma traces, repressed emotions - NPD becomes BPD (Grotstein: BPD failed narcissist).

PPD: threat (paranoid ideation, persecutory delusions)

BPD: abandonment, rejection

HPD: rejection, injury

When the protective self overactive or is the only self-state/resource, we get hybrids types (comorbidity) like the malignant narcissist (Fromm, Herbert Rosenfeld, Kernberg).

Millon's Unprincipled Narcissist, Disingenuous Histrionic, and Impulsive Borderline.

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