Cell Cycle - Fundamentals of Biology
Cell cycle is an important process for growth, reproduction, and repair of damaged cells. A eukaryotic cell cycle is divided into 3 major phases – interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis, the interphase being the longest. During the interphase the cell prepares for cell division. The three phases of interphase are – G1 or Gap 1 phase where the cells synthesize cellular contents (excluding the genetic material), preparing the cell for division; the S or synthesis phase where the DNA replicates; and G2 or Gap 2 phase where the cytoplasmic contents assemble to start the cell division.
During mitosis the duplicated genetic material is equally distributed to the two daughter cells formed from the dividing cell. The entire process of mitosis is divided into four stages – prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The process of mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, or division of the cytoplasm.
Meiosis is another form of cell division observed in eukaryotic cells, particularly the gametes. Meiosis results in a diploid cell forming four haploid cells, and involves two successive nuclear divisions – meiosis I and meiosis II. Both the nuclear divisions have four stages – prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase – followed by cytokinesis.
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