Dracunculiasis | Guinea worm | Structure, Life cycle, symptoms, treatment | Bio science

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D. medinensis larvae are found in fresh water, where they are ingested by copepods of the genus Cyclops. Within the copepod, the D. medinensis larvae develop to an infective stage within 14 days. When the infected copepod is ingested by a mammalian host, the copepod is dissolved by stomach acid and the D. medinensis larvae migrate through the wall of the mammalian intestine, and mature into adults. About 100 days after infection, a male and female D. medinensis meet and sexually reproduce within the host tissue. The male dies in the host tissue, while the female migrates to the host's subcutaneous tissue. Around a year after infection, the female causes the formation of a blister on the skin's surface, generally on the lower extremities, though occasionally on the hand or scrotum. When the blister ruptures, the female slowly emerges over the course of several days or weeks. This causes extreme pain and irritation to the host. When the host submerges the affected body part in water, the female expels thousands of larvae into the water. From here, the larvae infect copepods, continuing the lifecycle.

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