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00:02:02 1 Origins of socialism
00:08:45 1.1 Henri de Saint-Simon
00:09:28 1.2 Charles Fourier
00:10:38 1.3 Robert Owen
00:13:23 1.4 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
00:14:13 1.5 Mikhail Bakunin
00:15:14 2 Marxism and the socialist movement
00:19:30 3 International Workingmen's Association (First International)
00:23:17 4 Paris Commune
00:27:06 5 The Second International
00:29:13 5.1 Germany
00:30:41 5.2 Russia
00:33:11 5.3 United States
00:35:12 5.4 France
00:36:21 5.5 World War I
00:37:16 6 Anarchism
00:44:16 7 Social democracy to 1917
00:50:43 8 The inter-war era and World War II
00:52:02 8.1 Revolutionary socialism and the Soviet Union (1917–1939)
01:04:57 8.2 Britain
01:12:29 8.3 United States
01:20:05 8.4 Germany
01:22:15 8.5 Sweden
01:22:53 8.6 Spain
01:23:15 8.7 Israel
01:23:32 9 The Post-war era (1945–1985)
01:29:37 9.1 The first socialist government in a North American country
01:31:32 9.2 Social democracy in government
01:38:33 9.3 Mass discontent and radicalization
01:47:51 10 The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (1945–1985)
01:55:15 11 Final years for the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
01:57:20 12 China (1945–1965)
02:03:58 13 Socialism in China since the Cultural Revolution
02:07:39 14 21st century democratic socialism in Latin America
02:11:45 15 The emergence of a New Left in the developed world
02:12:32 16 See also
02:13:22 17 Notes and references
02:13:32 18 Further reading
02:14:11 18.1 Primary sources
02:14:34 19 External links



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SUMMARY
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The history of socialism has its origins in the 1789 French Revolution and the changes which it wrought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels in 1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed "scientific socialism". In the last third of the 19th century, social democratic parties arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism. The Australian Labor Party was the world's first elected socialist party when it formed government in the Colony of Queensland for a week in 1899.In the first half of the 20th century, the Soviet Union and the communist parties of the Third International around the world mainly came to represent socialism in terms of the Soviet model of economic development and the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the means of production, although other trends condemned what they saw as the lack of democracy. In the United Kingdom, Herbert Morrison said that "socialism is what the Labour government does" whereas Aneurin Bevan argued that socialism requires that the "main streams of economic activity are brought under public direction", with an economic plan and workers' democracy. Some argued that capitalism had been abolished. Socialist governments established the mixed economy with partial nationalisations and social welfare.
By 1968, the prolonged Vietnam War (1959–1975) gave rise to the New Left, socialists who tended to be critical of the Soviet Union and social democracy. Anarcho-syndicalists and some elements of the New Left and others favored decentralized collective ownership in the form of cooperatives or workers' councils. At the turn of the 21st century in Latin America, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez championed what he termed socialism of the 21st century, which included a policy of nationalisation of national assets such as oil, anti-imperialism and termed himself a Trotskyist supporting permanent revolution.

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