August Hirt was born on 28 April 1898 in Mannheim, then part of the German Empire. Hirt was still a high school student when the First World War began on 28 July 1914. By the time the First World War ended on 11 November 1918, Hirt had been studying medicine at Heidelberg University. On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg. In April of the same year, Hirt became a member of the SS, and four years later, in May 1937, he joined the Nazi Party. The Second World War started on 1 September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. By the time the war broke out, Hirt had been an SS medical chief. The German invasion of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands started on 10 May 1940 and became known as the Battle of France. August Hirt despised Jews and communists and aimed to create a collection of skulls from what he called "Judeo-Bolsheviks" for his racial research. He believed that the Jewish population was on the verge of extinction and wanted to compile a collection of their skulls while it was still possible. He proposed this project to Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, stating that there were comprehensive collections of skulls from nearly all races and peoples, except for the Jews. He argued that the war in the East provided an opportunity to address this gap by obtaining the skulls of Jewish-Bolsheviks, who, according to him, embodied the disgusting but characteristic subhuman.
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