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What is an Autoimmune disease ? தன்னுடல் தாக்கு நோய் என்றால் என்ன ?
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling. Other common symptoms of RA include:
1. Fatigue or exhaustion
2. Morning stiffness that persists for more than an hour
3. Warm and swollen joints
4. Joint pain that worsens after sitting for a long time or with activity
5. Loss of joint mobility and range of motion
6. Joint deformity or shifting
7. Fever or general feeling of being unwell
8. Numbness or tingling in the fingers
9. Inflammation of other organs, such as the lungs, eyes, or blood vessels.
RA often affects multiple joints at once, with the most commonly affected joints being in the hands, wrists, and feet. RA can vary greatly in severity and progression, with some people experiencing mild symptoms and others having significant joint damage and disability over time. It is important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and to begin appropriate treatment as early as possible.
There are several treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis, including:
1. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic drugs are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain.
a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs are pain relievers that reduce inflammation and help with joint stiffness. Examples include ibuprofen and naproxen.
b. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These drugs are designed to slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing the immune system. Examples of DMARDs include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine.
c. Biologic response modifiers: Biologics are a type of DMARD that target specific molecules in the immune system that cause inflammation. Examples include adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab.
d. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids help to reduce inflammation and improve joint pain and stiffness. They are often used in combination with other RA medications. Examples include prednisone and methylprednisolone.
e. Janus kinase inhibitors: Janus kinase inhibitors are a newer class of drugs that target enzymes in the immune system involved in inflammation. Examples include tofacitinib and baricitinib.
2. Physical therapy: Exercise and physical therapy can help increase strength, flexibility, and range of motion.
3. Surgery: Joint replacement surgery may be necessary in some cases when damage to the joint is severe.
4. Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and reducing stress can help manage symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
It is important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses individual needs and preferences.
