Within central southern Iceland is a volcanic monster which few people want to see erupt in their lifetimes. Known as the Öræfajökull volcano, its eruptions are infrequent, but whenever they do occur they almost exclusively rank on the volcanic explosivity index as a 4, 5, or 6, bringing destructive effects to a wide swath of the nation. One such eruption occurred in 1362, ranking in as a VEI 6, representing the largest explosive volcanic eruption to strike the island since Iceland was first settled.
Thumbnail Photo Credit: This work "Öræfajökull1", is a derivative image grabbed from a frame of a video (resized, text overlay, graphics overlay (the GeologyHub logo & the image border)) from "What is beneath the ice?", by: Martin Mergili, 2019, Posted on Imaggeo.egu.eu, (distributed via imaggeo.egu.eu), Imaggeo account link: [ Ссылка ], Photo link: [ Ссылка ], CC BY 3.0. "Öræfajökull1" is used & licensed under CC BY 3.0 by Youtube.com/GeologyHub
If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links:
(Patreon: [ Ссылка ])
(YouTube membership: [ Ссылка ])
(Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: [ Ссылка ])
(GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: [ Ссылка ])
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at geologyhubyt@gmail.com and I will make the necessary changes.
Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image):
Public Domain: [ Ссылка ]
CC BY 3.0: [ Ссылка ]
Sources/Citations:
[1] Vedur.is / Iceland Met Office
[2] Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes, icelandicvolcanoes.is
[3] Walker, Angela & Burgess, Ray & McGarvie, Dave & Smellie, John. (2010). Rhyolite volcanism at Öræfajökull Volcano, Iceland - geochemistry, field relations & 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Geophysical Research Abstracts. 12.
[4] U.S. Geological Survey
[5] Alaska Volcano Observatory
[6] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), [ Ссылка ], Used with Permission
[7] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by Youtube.com/GeologyHub on Oct 5th, 2022.
0:00 Iceland's Volcanic Monster
1:58 Why This Volcano is So Explosive
3:59 Caldera
4:19 Recent Activity
