Chemical Eye Injuries (Acid & Alkaline eye Burn)
emical injury is the most common cause of a corneal burn, with other potential sources being thermal and ultraviolet insults. Chemical injuries to the eyes occur in the home, industrial setting, farm and other sites. Chemical injuries from assaults represent approximately 11% of chemical injuries and tend to result in severe injuries.
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In general, immediate irrigation with sterile saline solution (or tap water, if a sterile saline solution is not available) should be started as soon as possible. Then, a thorough history and physical examination can take place. The chemical agent should be identified, if possible. The OSHA chemical identification standard data (CISD or SDS) will identify the chemical(s), toxicity, and possible treatment, if it is available. Otherwise, the poison control center may be able to provide this information. Both eyes should be thoroughly examined since 42% of injuries are bilateral.
