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What is Cell Compression?
Cell compression is quite literally squeezing/fixturing the outer aluminum case of LFP (LiFePO4) cells to prevent delamination of the internal components. Delamination leads to a reduced lifespan of the cells, as well as additional stress on electrical terminals. Internal forces are constantly acting on a thin aluminum case that is not strong enough to resist these forces. Lack of compression leads to damage of the cells, as indicated by swelling and premature battery failure.
Why Is Cell Compression Needed?
With the latest technology of LFP cells, many advances have been made to increase how much energy can be stored in a given volume. Engineers in general regularly face the challenge of fitting “more” into “less”. Sometimes to accomplish such a challenging task, compromises must be made. In this case, to create more space, a thinner, less structurally integral material has been chosen.
The thin aluminum case cannot withstand the internal forces exerted when the cells are charged, but the new design never expected the cells to be used on their own. The greater majority of these LiFePO4 cells on the market today are originally intended for use in Electric Vehicles (EV’s). Automakers and pack manufacturers are already designing the packs with the compression in mind, because the demands of a solidly held pack in an electric vehicle where vibration is guranteed are much more intense than a stationary solar power system. By using a single compression fixture on an entire pack as compared to many thick plastic cases, significant space and weight is saved, leading to higher capacities in the same space.
When Is Cell Compression Needed?
More times than not, cells will require compression. 95% of all aluminum cased LFP cells on the market require compression. While the exact wording varies, most high-quality cell manufactures will make note in their data sheets. Aluminum case batteries that do not require compression do in-fact exist, however they are rare. Asking the vendor you are purchasing the cells from is usually a good idea, however not all vendors are fully educated with regard to the engineering considerations of each and every battery and manufacturer requirements.
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