Explore how to solve Punnett squares that involve sex-linked traits, specifically focusing on X-linked traits. Video has a resource available here [ Ссылка ] This 2023 UPDATED sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video has more detail and improved art from the old 2015 Punnett squares and sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video.
OLD VIDEO: [ Ссылка ]
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Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:49 Sex Chromosomes
2:25 Solving Sex Linked Punnett Square Problem
5:40 Five Things to Keep in Mind
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*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*

Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “12.2 Characteristics and Traits - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits.

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.

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*ADDITIONAL DETAIL INFORMATION*
*More info on Hemophilia: [ Ссылка ]

*More about red-green colorblindness & other forms of colorblindness: [ Ссылка ]

*Biological sex described by NIH & Yale School of Medicine:
NIH: [ Ссылка ]
Yale School of Medicine: [ Ссылка ]

*Footnote about "male" & "female" terminology from NIH at BOTTOM of [ Ссылка ]

^^Above sources also explain difference of sex & gender.

*This video is about traits on sex chromosomes. In most cases, females have XX chromosomes & males have XY chromosomes BUT as video mentions, this is not always the case.
Examples:
XXY: [ Ссылка ]
XYY: [ Ссылка ]
X: [ Ссылка ]
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:
[ Ссылка ]

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*FURTHER EXPLORATION*
1. How did X and Y sex chromosomes get their names?
From Arizona State University's "Embryo Project Encyclopedia" [ Ссылка ]

2. Preeclampsia was mentioned as an example that many disorders may have a genetic component yet are NOT single gene traits (and thus can't be easily worked on a Punnett square). In addition, many disorders may involve autosomes and other external factors. As mentioned, the cause of preeclampsia is currently not well understood though gene involvement is being studied.

*Genetic Risk Factors: [ Ссылка ]

*Recent News regarding Preeclampsia:
FDA clearance of Preeclampsia risk assessment assays: [ Ссылка ]

*Preeclampsia Foundation's Page of Research News: [ Ссылка ]

3. Sex chromosomes in other animals can vary & may not be able to be worked in same type of Punnett square:

Sex chromosomes in birds? Written by a professor of genetics:
[ Ссылка ]

Platypus:
[ Ссылка ]

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MUSIC:
Intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.

TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal

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