Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, an Italian philosopher, penned "On Crimes and Punishments" in 1764. In this groundbreaking work, Beccaria advocated for a more rational and humane approach to criminal justice. He argued against torture and excessive punishments, promoting the idea that punishments should be proportionate to the crimes committed. Beccaria emphasized the importance of deterrence and swift, fair trials, ensuring that everyone, regardless of their social status, receives equal treatment under the law. His ideas greatly influenced modern criminal justice systems, inspiring reforms that prioritize reason, fairness, and the protection of human rights.
