The lipids contained in plasma are collectively referred to as lipids. Although the content of plasma lipids only accounts for a very small part of the total amount of lipids in the whole body, both exogenous and endogenous lipids need to pass through the blood to run between tissues. Therefore, lipid content can reflect the situation of lipid metabolism in the body. Plasma lipid content increases significantly after eating a high-fat diet, but this is temporary and usually gradually becomes normal after 3 to 6 hours. When determining blood lipid, blood is usually collected 12 to 14 hours after meals, so as to reflect the true situation of blood lipid level more reliably. Since elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels are associated with the development of atherosclerosis, they are the focus of the blood lipid assay.
Blood fat mainly includes:
(1) Cholesterol (abbreviated as Ch), accounting for about 1/3 of the total plasma fat, has two forms of free cholesterol and cholesterol ester, in which free cholesterol accounts for about 1/3, and the remaining 2/3 is esterified with long chain fatty acids to cholesterol ester.
(2) Triglyceride, also known as neutral fat (TG for short), accounts for about 1/4 of the total plasma fat.
(3) Phospholipid (PL), about 1/3 of the total plasma fat, mainly consists of lecithin, lecithin, serine phospholipid, neurophospholipid, 70% ~ 80% of which is lecithin.
(4) Free fatty acids (FFA), also known as non-esterified fatty acids, account for about 5%-10% of the total plasma fat, which is the main source of body energy.
Lipids themselves are insoluble in water; they must combine with proteins to form lipoproteins in order to exist in dissolved form in blood plasma and travel throughout the body in the bloodstream. Under normal conditions, plasma lipoprotein can be divided into chylomicron (CM), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Zone electrophoresis method can also be the plasma lipoprotein into CM accordingly, before beta (Pre  beta), beta and alpha lipoprotein 4 kinds. Protein and Lipid Contents of various lipoproteins in Plasma (% by weight)
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