Potemkin entered service in early 1905 after her gun turrets were fitted, and therefore did not take part in the disastrous Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5. Instead, by the end of June she was off the coast of Ukraine completing manoeuvres. It was here that rotten meat allegedly containing maggots was brought on board to feed the crew. Dissatisfied with the ship’s doctor’s opinion that the meat was fit for human consumption, the crew complained to the captain.

The ship’s second in command, Commander Ippolit Gilyarovsky, confronted the sailor’s delegation and killed spokesman Grigory Vakulenchuk. This triggered the mutiny, in which seven of the ship’s eighteen officers including Giliarovsky and the Captain were killed. The crew chose quartermaster Afanasi Matushenko to take control.

Having hoisted the red flag, Potemkin set sail for Odessa where a general strike was underway. Here the crew brought the body of the revolutionary spokesman Vakulenchuk ashore and laid it on the Odessa Steps where it acted as a focal point for locals to show their support for the sailors. However, by the evening the authorities received orders from the Tsar to take firm action. Estimates say that up to 2,000 civilians were killed.

Potemkin left Odessa the next day and sailed for Constanta in Romania. The ship was surrendered to the Romanian authorities in return for the sailors receiving safe passage. Potemkin was later returned to the Russian navy and was renamed Panteleimon.

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