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The basic concept of an Infrared Sensor which is used as an Obstacle detector is to transmit an infrared signal, this infrared signal bounces from the surface of an object, and the signal is received at the infrared receiver.

There are five basic elements used in a typical infrared detection system: an infrared source, a transmission medium, an optical component, infrared detectors or receivers, and signal processing. Infrared lasers and Infrared LEDs of a specific wavelength can be used as infrared sources. The three main types of media used for infrared transmission are vacuum, atmosphere, and optical fibers. Optical components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral response. Optical lenses made of Quartz, Germanium, and Silicon are used to focus the infrared radiation. Infrared receivers can be photodiodes, phototransistors, etc. some important specifications of infrared receivers are photosensitivity, detectivity, and noise equivalent power. Signal processing is done by amplifiers as the output of the infrared detector is very small.


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