🎬 ⭕ The Cinema Words: 'Logic' from 'Catch-22' (1970) by Mike Nichols (Novel by Joseph Heller 1961) ⭕ 🎬
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🎬 'Catch-22' is a 1970 film directed by Mike Nichols. The subject of the film, starring Alan Arkin in the main part of Captain Yossarian, is based on the novel by Joseph Heller (1961, 12 million copies sold).
🎬 The novel is a scathing criticism of the military hierarchy and war. It tells the adventures of a group of U.S. airmen involved in the bombings in Italy during the Second World War. It is set during World War II from 1942 to 1944. It is frequently cited as one of the greatest literary works of the twentieth century. It uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration, describing events from the point of view of different characters. The separate storylines are out of sequence so that the time line develops along with the plot. The novel follows Captain John Yossarian, a U.S. Army Air Forces B-25 Bombardier. Most of the events in the book occur while the fictional 256th Squadron is based on the island of Pianosa, in the Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy.
🎬 The term "Catch-22" has entered the English language, generally referring to a tricky problem or absurd situation. Strictly speaking, a "Catch-22" is "a problematic situation for which the only solution is denied by a circumstance inherent in the problem or by a rule. "Catch-22" is frequently used to describe being trapped in circumstances because of contradictory rules.
The term "Catch-22" is also used more broadly to mean a ► tricky problem or a no-win or absurd situation.
On the basis of U.S., pilots die mission after mission, for the criminal incapacity of the officers, who think only of their career and that continually increase the number of flight missions after which the pilots could be alternated. Captain Yossarian, seeing the death continually grow around him, and not finding any sense in the war, tries to be exempt pretending to be crazy, but is trapped by the 'Catch-22', which ironically states:
🎬 «Who is fool can ask to be exempted from the flight missions, but who asks to be exempted from the flight missions is not crazy. If you are crazy, you can be discharged from the army, but you have to apply for the discharge, and applying demonstrates that you are not crazy. As a result, you will not be discharged».
In the book, the narrator explains: «There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he were sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn't have to, but if he didn't want to he was sane and had to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle».
🎬 The paradox of 'Catch-22' refers to an apparent choice in a rule or procedure, where in reality, for logical reasons hidden or not obvious, you have no choice, but there is only one possibility. In fact, English is commonly cited with the meaning of 'vicious circle'.
It is a version of the paradox of Jourdain (derived from the ancient paradox of Epimenides) with the following two sentences:
► «The following sentence is false.
► The previous sentence is true»
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