A Fundamental Concept Everyone Must Understand in Healthcare is Type I and Type II Errors.

Type I Errors are False Positives or What Can be Thought of a Errors of Commission.

For Example, a Positive Strep Test in a Child Who Does NOT Have Strep is a Type I Error. Giving that Child Antibiotics is an Error of Commission.

Type II Errors are False Negatives or What Can Be Thought of as Errors of Omission.

For Example, a Negative Strep Test in Child Who DOES Have Step is a Type II Error. Not Giving that Child Antibiotics is an Error of Omission.

A Test's Specificity is an Indication of Its False Positive Rate.
A Test's Sensitivity is an Indication of Its False Negative Rate.

The Positive and Negative Predictive Value of a Test Can Be Calculated ONLY When You Know the Specificity and Sensitivity of a Test AND You Know the Prevalence of the Disease (e.g. 25% of children with sore throats have Strep or 7% young adults have hypertension).

While These Concepts are Somewhat Complicated, They Are Fundamental for Understanding Healthcare.

If You Don't Understand Them, You Could Be Fooled.

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