This animation is an excerpt from Scotese and Elling (2017). The full-length version of this animation can be found at [ Ссылка ]. This animation focuses of the plate tectonic development of our planet during the last 200 million years.
Some highlights:
200 Ma - eruption of Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP); PaleoTethyan MOR is subducted beneath Cimmeria; unknown sliver continent rifts away from northern margin of Gondwana; Mongol-Okhotsk seaway narrows; East Gondwana (Madagascar/India/Australia/Antarctica) begins to rift away from West Gondwana (South America/Africa)
190 Ma - the Karoo LIP erupts (Walvis Ridge / Tristan da Cunha hot spot)
180 Ma - Seafloor spreading starts in Central Atlantic and proto-Caribbean , rifting in Gulf of Mexico and the Western and Eastern Mediterranean; sinistral strike-slip between Mexico and North America; rifting begins in the Canada Basin between the North Slope block and Arctic North America; extension in the southern regions of the North Atlantic (between North America & Greenland, between Greenland – Rockall); subduction begins along eastern margin of Asia (Yenshanian orogeny)
175 Ma - spreading ridge in Slide Mountain BAB converts to subduction zone as North America is driven westwards;
170 Ma - Seafloor spreading between East and West Gondwana; seafloor spreading between Iberia and North America;
160 Ma - NeoTethyan MOR is subducted beneath Eurasia; Izanagi MOR connects with new MOR north of Exmouth plateau as
150 – Today - North America moves westward and the Rocky Mts are thrust skyward (Sierra Nevada, Sevier and Laramide orogenies)
145 Ma - Gulf of Mexico stops opening
140 Ma - Seafloor spreading begins in southern South Atlantic
135 Ma - Eruption of the Etendeka (Namibia)-Serra Gerral (SE Brazil) LIPs
120 Ma _ Rifting in east-central Africa (Chad / Sudan); complete closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Seaway;
115 – 90 Ma - Creation of the Kerguelen plateau by voluminous reruptiosn at the Kerguelen hot spot (HS)
115 – 75Ma - Opening of the Olyutorska BAB of NE Siberia
100 Ma - Wrangellia collides with western North America (British Columbia); collision of Caribbean oceanfloor with Mid-America SZ results in “capture” of Caribbean and start of west-dipping SZ along the eastern margin of the Caribbean plate; Rifitiing in the Tasman Sea as Zealandia begins to separate from eastern Australia;
105 Ma - Seafloor spreading stops in the Somali Basin and between NW India and the Lut block;
95 – 50 Ma - Australia slowly rifts away from Antarctica
90 Ma - India rifts away from Madagascar opening the Madagascar basin
90 – Today - Sinistral strike-slip along the northern margin of South America as Caribbean plate moves eastward along transpressive boundary; creation of the Ninety East Ridge by the Kerguelen HS
80 Ma - Obduction of ophiolites in Guatemala and Honduras as Caribbean plate collides with Central America
85 – 70 Ma - The oceanic lithosphere of the Bering Sea is created at the Izanagi MOR
65 Ma - India, as it moves northward, collides with Lut block and carries it northward towards Eurasia; Eruption of the Deccan LIP;
60 Ma - Subduction of the Izanagi MOR beneath eastern Asia; Subduction of the NE Indian Ocean MOR north of Australia; Collision of the island arcs that makeup Kamchatka with NE Siberia; Capture of the Sea of Okhotsk;
60 Ma – Today - Collision of Adria/Apulia to form the Alps; 55 Ma - The Pacific plate changes direction (from N to W-NW);
50 Ma - India begins to collide with Asia; Greater Antilles arc (Cuba & Hispaniola) collides with Bahamas platform opening the Yucatan basin; Caribbean plate begins to move eastward with spreading at Cayman Ridge;
50 Ma – Today - The collision of India deforms south-central Asia and results in the southeastward “extrusion’ of SE Asia; Australia, together with India, rapidly rifts away from Antarctica
45 Ma - Extension begins in South China Sea
35 Ma - Extension begins in East Africa and Red Sea/Gulf of Aden;
30 Ma - Youngest ocean floor in South China Sea and Sea of Japan; closure of the dep marine connection between Tethys and the eastern Mediterranean;
30 Ma – Today - Extension begins in the Basin and Range; Collision of Arabia and Ian to form the Zagros Mts.;
25 Ma – Today - Baja California and California west of the San Andreas Fault are carried northwestwards with the Pacific plate; continuing extension in the Basin & Range
20 Ma - Seafloor spreading (oldest ocean floor) in the Gulf of Aden;
15 – 0 Ma - Calabria rifts away from Sardinia opening the Tyrrhenian Sea (due to slab roll-back); ~500 km of dextral motion along the North Anatolian Fault as Turkey is squeezed westwards between Arabia and Eurasia;
10 Ma – Today - The extension in the Aegean Sea; ~150 km sinistral displacement along the Dead Sea Fault ;
