Mughal Epoch on KASHMIR Part 13
Agriculture
Jahangir in his Tuzki-Jahangiri recorded that out of the total area of the Valley 3⁄4 was mountainous and 1⁄4 was arable; the available land was then stratified into various categories.
Mirza Haider Dughlat in Tarikhi Rashidi has mentioned four categories of land, Abi, lalmi, Bhagh and Nambal.
The Abi land was meant for paddy cultivation. It entailed regular irrigation which was possible in the Valley due to natural springs and streams.
Further several canals drawing water from river Jhelum irrigated large tracts of arable land in different corners of the Valley.
Though the Mughals had not constructed new canals yet had repaired and maintained the old ones. They appointed a person in every village designated as Mir-i-Aab to render necessary service in every village to distribute the water for irrigation.
Due to the abundance of water and its proper usage, the villages and hamlets changed into fertile and highly cultivated tracts.
Lalmi land was meant for cultivation of secondary crops including wheat, barley, flax, millet, oats, rapeseed, maize etc. it depended upon periodical rains for irrigation.
Bhagh land was to grow fruits and Nambal land was swampy and unfit for cultivation. In addition to it the Valley bounded by forests and Pastoral land provided sufficient grazing for cattle.
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