This video shows Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Ovaries may be normal in PCOS, and conversely, polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) may be seen in women without the syndrome. However, it is well accepted that women with PCOS tend to have larger ovaries with an increased number of follicles.
There's no single test for diagnosis of PCOS, but a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests can help diagnose PCOS. You need to meet 2 of these 3 "official" criteria to be diagnosed: Irregular, heavy, or missed periods due to missed ovulation—the release of an egg from your ovaries.
Transvaginal ultrasound is one of the main tools a physician has when it comes to diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The images found on the ultrasound, in conjunction with the results of blood tests and thorough patient history and physical, are used to diagnose this syndrome.
You do not need to have an ultrasound if you have criteria 1 and 2. In women younger than 20 years, ultrasounds are not recommended. This means that irregular periods and hyperandrogenism need to be present for a diagnosis of PCOS to be made.
The Rotterdam consensus defined the polycystic ovary as having 12 or more follicles, measuring between 2 and 9 mm (FNPO), and/or an ovarian volume (OV) more than10 cm.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens (male hormones) in females. Signs and symptoms of PCOS include irregular or no menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty in getting pregnant, and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin.
It is not known exactly what causes PCOS. They believe that high levels of male hormones prevent the ovaries from producing hormones and making eggs normally. Genes, insulin resistance, and inflammation have all been linked to excess androgen production.
Conclusion for diagnosis of PCOS:- If women have at least two of three main symptoms — high androgen levels, irregular periods, and cysts in the ovaries. A pelvic exam, blood tests, and ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis.
There are four types of PCOS: Insulin-resistant PCOS, Inflammatory PCOS, Hidden-cause PCOS, and Pill-induced PCOS.
Common symptoms of PCOS include:
Irregular periods or no periods at all.
Difficulty getting pregnant (because of irregular ovulation or failure to ovulate)
Excessive hair growth (hirsutism) – usually on the face, chest, back, or buttocks.
Weight gain.
Thinning hair and hair loss from the head.
Oily skin or acne.
There are Four Types of PCOS: Insulin-resistant PCOS, Inflammatory PCOS, Hidden-cause PCOS, and Pill-induced PCOS. This is the most common type of PCOS. This type of PCOS is caused by smoking, sugar, pollution, and trans fat.

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