Mantle hotspots often cause volcanoes to erupt and general volcanism far away from major tectonic plate boundaries. For example, a volcanic mantle hotspot exists underneath a section of the Hawaiian Island chain, northeast of Flagstaff in Arizona, in a section of American Samoa, and even in Germany. While some of these hotspots are less certain than others (as for example the existence of the Iceland hotspot is well known but the Eifel hotspot in Germany is still debated and the Flagstaff hotspot in Arizona might not exist, also being still debated), this video will discuss the 48 active mantle hotspots around the planet which have produced some form of a volcanic eruption in the last 1 million years.
Thumbnail Photo Credit: Photo Credit: B. Carr, U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Public Domain, [ Ссылка ]. This image was then overlaid with text and GeologyHub made graphics.
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Sources/Citations:
[1] Foulger, Gillian R., Mantleplumes.org, Information used with Permission
[2] Table A. Hotspots underlain by seismic anomalies traversing the upper mantle (Ritsema & Allen, 2003), traversing the whole-mantle (Montelli et al., 2004) and those defined as arising from D” by Courtillot et al. (2003).
[3] Courtillot, V., A. Davaillie, J. Besse, and J. Stock (2003), Three distinct types of hotspots in the Earth's mantle, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 205, 295-308.
[4] Montelli, R., G. Nolet, F. A. Dahlen, G. Masters, R. E. Engdahl, and S.-H. Hung (2004), Finite frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle, Science, 303, 338-343.
[5] Montelli, R., Nolet, G., Dahlen, F.& Masters, G., 2006, A catalogue of deep mantle plumes: new results from finite-frequency tomography, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 7 , Q11007, doi:10.1029/2006GC001248.
[6] Ritsema, J., and R. M. Allen (2003), The elusive mantle plume, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 207, 1-12.
[7] Fitton, J.G., pers. comm.
[8] U.S. Geological Survey
[9] Alaska Volcano Observatory
[10] J. Ewert, A. Diefenbach, D. Ramsey, "2018 Update to the U.S. Geological Survey National Volcanic
Threat Assessment", U.S. Geological Survey, Accessed October 22, 2022. [ Ссылка ]
0:00 United States Volcanoes
0:48 Mantle Hotspots
1:11 Hawaiian Hotspot
3:06 List of Mantle Hotspots
4:24 Conclusion
