How variable geometry turbochargers (VGT), or variable nozzle turbochargers (VNT) work. Variable geometry turbos use vanes to alter the air flow path of the exhaust gases to maximize boost across the entire rev range. During low boost operations, the vanes create a narrow path to the exhaust turbine. As the revs increase and exhaust builds, an actuator rotates the vanes, increasing the area of the path to the turbine, and allowing for greater flow, thus increasing boost at higher RPM. Variable geometry turbochargers can make twin turbo charging systems obsolete.
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