The Markets of Trajan in Rome of A.D. 113 are part of the Forum of Trajan complex. The Markets are built on the Quirinal Hill in a series of tiers made of concrete and faced with brick. They provide over 100 individual shops with travertine doorways and attics disposed over the hill in a variety of combinations, including a straight street (Via Biberatica), a hemicycle, a semi-domed space, and a groin-vaulted market hall. The latter is a great architectural achievement with a series of vaults opening up like umbrellas across the space. The market hall is a precursor to the contemporary indoor shopping mall.
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