Cesare Beccaria - Essay on Crimes and Punishments (full audiobook)
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0:00 Introduction
5:44 Preface
9:34 Chapter I-Of the origins of punishments
12:09 Chapter II-Of the right to punish
16:10 Chapter III-Consequences of the foregoing principles
19:41 Chapter IV-Of the interpretations of laws
27:05 Chapter V-Of the obscurity of laws
30:57 Chapter VI-Of the proportion between crimes and punishments
38:16 Chapter VII-Of estimating the degree of crimes
41:58 Chapter VIII-Of the division of crimes
48:19 Chapter IX-Of honour
54:34 Chapter X-Of dueling
56:57 Chapter XI-Of crimes which disturb the public tranquility
1:01:17 Chapter XII-Of the intent of punishment
1:02:50 Chapter XIII-Of the credibility of witnesses
1:09:37 Chapter XIV-Of evidence and the proofs of a crime and of the form of judgement
1:16:24 Chapter XV-Of secret accusations
1:22:07 Chapter XVI-Of torture
1:40:09 Chapter XVII-Of pecuniary punishments
1:45:08 Chapter XVIII-Of oaths
1:47:56 Chapter XIX-Of the advantage of imediate punishment
1:54:40 Chapter XX-Of acts of violence
1:56:46 Chapter XXI-Of the punishments of the nobles
2:01:14 Chapter XXII-Of robbery
2:04:05 Chapter XXIII-Of infamy considered as a punishment
2:08:12 Chapter XXIV-Of idleness
2:10:07 Chapter XXV-Of banishment of confiscation
2:14:35 Chapter XXVI-Of the spirit of family in states
2:23:38 Chapter XXVII-Of the mildness of punishments
2:30:01 Chapter XXVIII-Of the punishment of death
2:51:46 Chapter XXIX-Of imprisonment
2:56:24 Chapter XXX-Of prosecution and prescription
3:02:57 Chapter XXXI-Of crimes of difficult proof
3:13:33 Chapter XXXII-Of suicide
3:23:05 Chapter XXXIII-Of smuggling
3:27:16 Chapter XXXIV-Of bankrupts
3:34:51 Chapter XXXV-Of sanctuaries
3:39:06 Chapter XXXVI-Of rewards for apprehending or killing criminals
3:42:13 Chapter XXXVII-Of attempts, accomplices and pardon
3:47:46 Chapter XXXVIII-Of suggestive interrogations
3:50:47 Chapter XXXIX-Of a particular kind of crimes
3:53:48 Chapter XL-Of false ideas of utility
3:58:41 Chapter XLI-Of the means of preventing crimes
4:03:26 Chapter XLII-Of the sciences
4:11:31 Chapter LXIII-Of magistrates
4:12:36 Chapter LXIV-Of rewards
4:13:30 Chapter LXV-Of education
4:15:07 Chapter LXVI-Of pardons
4:19:07 LXVII-Conclusion

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Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (15 March 1738 – 28 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, and politician, who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the Classical School of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.

According to John Bessler, Beccaria's works had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers of the United States.

On Crimes and Punishments was the first critical analysis of capital punishment that demanded its abolition. Beccaria described the death penalty as:
"the war of a nation against a citizen ... It appears absurd to me that the laws, which are the expression of the public will and which detest and punish homicide, commit murder themselves, and in order to dissuade citizens from assassination, commit public assassination".

Beccaria cited Montesquieu, who stated that "every punishment which does not arise from absolute necessity is tyrannical".

Regarding the "Proportion between Crimes and Punishment", Beccaria stated that:
Crimes of every kind should be less frequent, in proportion to the evil they produce to society ... If an equal punishment be ordained for two crimes that injure society in different degrees, there is nothing to deter men from committing the greater as often as it is attended with greater advantage.

Beccaria also argued against torture, believing it was cruel and unnecessary.

Regarding the style of the author, the book's serious message is put across in a clear and animated style, based in particular upon a deep sense of humanity and of urgency at unjust suffering. This humane sentiment is what makes Beccaria appeal for rationality in the laws.

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