We hope you enjoy this story of unexpected, challenging events that finally led to success in mapping the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai caldera following the January 2022 eruption. This video first premiered at GSA Connects 2022.

Narrative written and performed by Bob Stern
Videography by Amanda Maceda
Illustrations by Clinton Crowley

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References:
- Brenna et. al. 2022. Post-caldera volcanism reveals shallow priming of an intra-ocean arc andesitic caldera: Hunga volcano, Tonga, SW Pacific LITHOS 412-413.
- Cronin et al., 2022 EGU presentation

Media Credits:
- Steven Self for insights on caldera changes
- Earth Observatory “Hunga Tonga -Hunga Ha’api Erupts”
Jan. 15, 2022.
- BBC News “Tonga Volcano: Plume reached halfway to space”
Jan. 21, 2022
- Dave Allen videography
- Tonga Geological Services (drone & eruption footage)
- NOAA Ocean Charting Operations - Multibeam Animation (YouTube)
- Fugro Survey Multibeam Echosounder (YouTube)
- Atomcentral’s Atomic Bomb blast with shock effects in HD (YouTube)
- NSF Multimedia Gallery and Press Toolkit
- Shredgardener Royalty-free Stock Footage of a Clock Time Lapse
- Mt Tambora By Jialiang Gao (peace-on-earth.org) - CC BY-SA 3.0
- USGS - Understanding the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Event
- USGS Kilauea - Thermal Imagery Timelapse (Dec 29, 2020)
- Burj Khalifa Photo By Donaldytong - CC BY-SA 3.0
- Diagram comparing the height of Burj Khalifa to other buildings and
structures, based on the drawings from [ Ссылка ]
/wiki/File:BurjKhalifaHeight.svg and [ Ссылка ]
- CC BY-SA 3.0
- UTD GSS - Science Behind Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruptions (YouTube)
- Meet GNS Science | Te Pu Ao (GNS Science on YouTube)
- When science doesn't go to plan | research voyage to Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano cut short (GNS Science on YouTube)


Production of this video was supported by NSF Grant 2223203
to RJ Stern

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