An online lecture by Herwig Czech, University Professor, History of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, organised as part of the CEU Presidential Lecture Series.
PRESENTER / Herwig Czech, Medical University Vienna
RESPONDENT / Ina Friedmann, Wissenschaftsbüro Innsbruck
INTRODUCTION / Michael Laurence Miller, CEU
MODERATOR / Michael Ignatieff, President and Rector, CEU
When the Heil- und Pflegeanstalt "Am Steinhof" was opened in 1907, it was one of the largest and most generous psychiatric institutions in Europe. After Austria’s Anschluss to the Third Reich in 1938, Steinhof became one of the focal points of the Nazi regime’s internal war against psychiatric patients and persons with mental disabilities. Between 1940 and 1945, as part of the “child euthanasia” program, a so-called “special children’s ward” named Am Spiegelgrund existed on the Steinhof premises where approximately 800 children and young people lost their lives. In the context of the so-called “Operation T4,” more than 3,200 patients were deported in 1940/41 and gassed at Hartheim Castle near Linz. After the official halt to “T4” in August 1941, “euthanasia” was continued at Steinhof by means of deliberate malnutrition and systematic neglect, to which 3,500 patients fell victim. The lecture gives an overview of Steinhof’s role during National Socialism and addresses the enduring legacy of these crimes.
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