Even though less than 1% of Earth's water is freshwater, it's the home for 50% of fish species. This is the Freshwater Paradox.

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
- Speciation: The formation of new and distinct species.
- Sympatric speciation: The evolution of new species from ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region.
- Allopatric speciation: Speciation that occurs when a population becomes separated by a geographic barrier.
- Adaptive radiation: The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.

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CREDITS
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Julián Gustavo Gómez | Script Writer and Narrator
Henry Reich | Director
Lizah van der Aart | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Aldo de Vos | Music

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Lizah van der Aart • Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius
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Alexander Vidal • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida

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REFERENCES
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Thank you to Dr. Elizabeth Miller for lending their time and expertise to this video.

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Bowen, Brian W., et al. "The origins of tropical marine biodiversity." Trends in ecology & evolution 28.6 (2013): 359-366. [ Ссылка ]

Burress, E. D., et al. "Phylogenomics of pike cichlids (Cichlidae: Crenicichla): the rapid ecological speciation of an incipient species flock." Journal of evolutionary biology 31.1 (2018): 14-30. [ Ссылка ]

Carrete Vega, Greta, and John J. Wiens. "Why are there so few fish in the sea?." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279.1737 (2012): 2323-2329. [ Ссылка ]

Dawson, Michael N. "Species richness, habitable volume, and species densities in freshwater, the sea, and on land." Frontiers of Biogeography 4.3 (2012). [ Ссылка ]

Deutsch, Curtis, Justin L. Penn, and Brad Seibel. "Metabolic trait diversity shapes marine biogeography." Nature 585.7826 (2020): 557-562. [ Ссылка ]

Elmer, Kathryn R., and Axel Meyer. "Sympatric speciation without borders?." (2010): 1991-1993. [ Ссылка ]

Hendry, Andrew P. "Ecological speciation! Or the lack thereof?." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66.8 (2009): 1383-1398. [ Ссылка ]

McCune, A. R., and N. R. Lovejoy. 1998. The relative rate of sympatric and allopatric speciation in fishes. Pp. 172–185 in D. J. Howard and S. H. Berlocher, eds. Endless forms: species and speciation. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, NY. [ Ссылка ]

McDermott, Amy. "Inner Workings: Reeling in answers to the “freshwater fish paradox”." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118.36 (2021). [ Ссылка ]

McGee, Matthew D., et al. "The ecological and genomic basis of explosive adaptive radiation." Nature 586.7827 (2020): 75-79. [ Ссылка ]

Miller, Elizabeth Christina. "Comparing diversification rates in lakes, rivers, and the sea." Evolution 75.8 (2021): 2055-2073. [ Ссылка ]

Seehausen, Ole, and Catherine E. Wagner. "Speciation in freshwater fishes." Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics 45 (2014): 621-651. [ Ссылка ]

Seehausen, Ole. "Process and pattern in cichlid radiations–inferences for understanding unusually high rates of evolutionary diversification." New Phytologist 207.2 (2015): 304-312. [ Ссылка ]

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