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Krakatoa, or Krakatau , is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung.

The name is also used for the surrounding volcanic island group comprising four islands: two of which, Lang and Verlaten, are remnants of a previous volcanic edifice destroyed in eruptions long before the famous 1883 eruption; another, Rakata, is the remnant of a much larger island destroyed in the 1883 eruption.

In 1927, a fourth island, Anak Krakatau, or "Child of Krakatoa", emerged from the caldera formed in 1883.

There has been new eruptive activity since the late 20th century, with a large collapse causing a deadly tsunami in December 2018.

The most notable eruptions of Krakatoa culminated in a series of massive explosions over 26–27 August 1883, which were among the most violent volcanic events in recorded history.

With an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6, the eruption was equivalent to 200 megatons of TNT —about 13,000 times the nuclear yield of the Little Boy bomb that devastated Hiroshima, Japan, during World War II, and four times the yield of Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated at 50 Mt.

The 1883 eruption ejected approximately 25 km3 of rock.

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