What is meant by crystal defect?
What are types of crystal defects?
What are the most common crystal defects?
What are the types of non-stoichiometric defects?
What is stoichiometric defect and non-stoichiometric defect?
What is non-stoichiometric defect?
What is non-stoichiometric defect and explain its types?
What is non-stoichiometric defect class 12?
Non- stoichiometric Defects
This defect is shown by compounds of D block elements of the periodic table. These defects are classified as metal excess defects which are again of two types. They are as follows;
Metal excess defect due to anionic vacancy
When a compound having excess metal ions if an anion is absent from the lattice site there it creates a void while is there occupied by an electron. This type of defect is shown by alkali metal halides like NaCl, KCl, LiCl.
When alkali metal halides are heated in an atmosphere of vapour of the alkali metal, anion vacancies are created. This anion is then diffuse to the surface of the crystal and combine with newly generated metal cations. The electron is lost by the metal atom is then diffuses the crystal and occupy the anionic vacancy site and form F-centres inside the crystal. These F-centres give different colours like NaCl gives a yellow colour. KCl gives a violet colour and HCl gives pink colour.
Metal excess defect due to the presence of interstitial cation:
When an excess positive ion is located in the interstitial site. This type of defect is shown by ZnO. When ZnO is heated it loses oxygen reversibly. The excess Zn2+ ions are occupied in the interstitial sites for maintaining neutrality, electrons are enclosed in the neighbouring interstitial sites. On heating, ZnO turns yellow colour by losing oxygen.
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