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Sepsis: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Peculiarities, Clinico-morphological types, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Sepsis is an acyclic poly-etiologic infectious disease caused by multiple bacteria.
Manifestations include fever, chills, muscle fatigue, low BP and elevated HR, low urine production.
There are several clinico-morphological types of sepsis including septicaemia, septicopyaemia, septic bacterial endocarditis, chronic septicaemia.

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An electrocardiogram (ECG) (EKG) is a simple test that can be used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity.
It consists of P wave, QRS complex, T wave, PQ segment and ST segment.
P wave represents Atrial Depolarization.
PQ segment represents the time signals travel from SA node and pass over AV node.
QRS complex represents Ventricular Depolarization and T wave represents Ventricular Repolarization.

In normal EKG, we will see all 12 leads, lead I II III aVR aVL aVF V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
The electrical activity is always away from aVR so R wave is always downward in aVR.
It is always toward V6 V5 II III aVF is so they have positive deflection of R wave.


Analeptics: Definition, Groups, Mechanism of Action, Indications, Side effects, Contraindications
Analeptics are the drugs which stimulate mainly the respiratory and vasomotor centers in medullar part of CNS.

It consists of 3 main groups according to their different mechanism of action which are direct-acting, indirect-acting and mixed-acting group.
Lobeline is used in CO poisonings.


Maple Syrup Urine Disease: Definition, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Maple Syrup Urine disease is an autosomal recessive inheritance that causes a characteristic maple syrup urine smell. Other manifestations include psychomotor delay and poor feeding, diarrhea, vomiting in infants. This condition is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme important in branch chain amino acid metabolism. This leads to increases in branch chain amino acid levels such as Valine, Isoleucine and Leucine and dysregulation of neurotransmitter synthesis in the human CNS.
There are several subtypes of maple syrup urine disease including classic, intermittent, and intermediate.
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Maple Syrup Urine Disease MADE EASY:
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Analeptics - Lobeline MADE EASY
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Conducting system of the heart MADE EASY
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EKG MADE EASY
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