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Knee Joint Anatomy Animation : Ligaments, Menisci, Innervation, Blood supply and Movements

The knee joint is one of the most complex and largest joints in the human body, crucial for performing everyday activities like walking, running, and jumping. Comprising various structures including bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, each component plays a vital role in the function and stability of the knee.

Bones Involved in the Knee Joint
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Femur: The thigh bone, or femur, is the longest and strongest bone in the body. Its lower end forms the upper part of the knee joint.
Tibia: The shin bone, or tibia, forms the lower part of the knee joint.
Patella: Also known as the kneecap, the patella is a small, triangular bone that protects the knee and provides leverage for leg extension.

Ligaments and Their Functions
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): One of the most commonly discussed ligaments, the ACL provides rotational stability and prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): The PCL works oppositely to the ACL, preventing the tibia from sliding backwards under the femur.
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Located on the inner side of the knee, the MCL resists forces acting from the outside of the knee.
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Found on the outer side of the knee, the LCL resists forces coming from the inner side of the knee.
Cartilage and Cushioning

Meniscus: These are crescent-shaped pads of cartilage situated between the femur and tibia that act as shock absorbers and provide stability.

Medial Meniscus: Located on the inner side of the knee.
Lateral Meniscus: Located on the outer side of the knee.

Articular Cartilage: This is the smooth, white tissue covering the ends of bones where they come into contact with each other. It allows for smooth movement within the joint and acts as a cushion between the bones.

Tendons and Muscles
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Quadriceps Tendon: This tendon connects the quadriceps muscle to the patella and is essential for straightening the knee.
Patellar Tendon: This connects the patella to the tibia and is part of the mechanism that allows for knee extension and flexion.
Hamstrings: These muscles are located at the back of the thigh and are responsible for bending the knee.

Additional Structures
Bursae: These are small sacs filled with fluid that reduce friction between the moving parts of the knee.
Synovial Membrane: This lines the joint and secretes synovial fluid for lubrication.

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