Thiamine Vitamin B1 (Aneurine, Anti-neuritic,Anti-beriberi factor)
FOOD SOURCE
Whole grains
Legumes
Beef
liver
nuts
Yeast
Small amount in eggs, fish veggies
Neuritis is the inflammation of nerves due to injury or may be due to bacterial or viral infections
Beriberi characterized by impairment of the nerves and heart. General symptoms include loss of appetite and overall lassitude, digestive irregularities, and a feeling of numbness and weakness in the limbs and extremities
actions inside human body
Energy production: helps break down carbohydrates into glucose so it is involved in energy production. Also helps in the metabolism of fats and proteins.
Nervous health: essential for the functioning of nervous system as It is involved in the transmission of nerve signals and helps synthesize neurotransmitters.
Brain health: maintains the cognitive function and memory.
Cardiovascular health: helps regulating heart muscle function and produces red blood cells that transport oxygen to the body’s tissues
Digestive health: Vitamin B1 is necessary for producing hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which is essential for properly digesting food.
Immune system function: involved in production of white blood cells, which help in fighting infections and diseases
deficiency symptoms
Weakness
Extreme fatigue
Confusion
Tingling in the feet and hands
Nausea
Skin rashes
Abdominal cramps
Chemical Structure
The chemical structure consists
aminopyrimidine and a thiazolium ring linked by a methylene bridge. The
thiazole is substituted with methyl and hydroxyethyl side chains.
biochemical role
Thiamine forms the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate TPP by this reaction
Thiamine+ ATP Thiamine pyrophosphate + AMP
TPP is coenzyme in
Pentose phosphate pathway which is involved in energy production from glucose.
Formation or degradation of alpha ketols
Oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids
So in Thiamine deficiency there is accumulation of the substrates.
beriberi
Patient suffers from severe weakness, irritability, poor memory, sleep disturbance and even paralysis
Occurs in two main forms
Dry Beriberi: chronic disease found in adults where polyneuropathy is main feature.
Wet Beriberi: an acute form in which cardiomyopathy and edema are there
Polyneuropathy
Myelin degeneration of peripheral nerves with loss of axoplasm.
There is a lot of fatigue, pain and weakness of muscle
muscle atrophy, loss of reflexes and burning feet syndrome in later stage
2. Gastrointestinal Anorexia and diarrhea leading to weight loss
Cerebral Lesions:
Bilateral hemorrhage in hypothalamus and in mammillary bodies
Manifestations are Wernicke’s encephalopathy which include confusion, apathy, drowsiness, ataxia and ophthalmoplagia.
Korsakoff’s syndrome which is retrograde amnesia
4. Cardiovascular Features:
palpitations, tachycardia, precordial pain and dyspnea are common
Heart failure is there due to edema, hypoproteinemia, Na retention.
Heart is enlarged due to swelling and vascuolization of heart muscles.
 Alcoholics suffer from thiamine deficiency
The body also needs thiamine to create the enzyme that metabolizes alcohol.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a memory disorder due to a lack of thiamin (vitamin B1) requiring immediate treatment. It most often happens in people with alcohol use disorder and malnutrition
therapeutic uses
To treat beriberi
To prevent Wernicke Korsakoff’s syndrome
Alcoholic neuritis
Neuritis of pregnancy
Some inborn errors of metabolism like lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis

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