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Classification of Bacteria | Aerobes | Anaerobes 👨‍⚕️

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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

00:00:00 Introduction
00:00:40 Media Use To Differentiate
00:02:22 Obligate Anaerobes
00:09:42 Examples Of Obligate Anaerobes
00:14:55 Aerotolerant Anaerobes
00:22:11 Examples Of Aerotolerant Anaerobes
00:23:39 Facultative Anaerobes
00:30:40 Examples Of Facultative Anaerobes
00:33:06 Comparison Of All Three
00:35:35 Microaerophiles
00:40:47 Examples Of Microaerophiles
00:42:30 Comparison Of All Four
00:45:28 Obligate Aerobes
00:47:49 Examples Of Obligate Aerobes
00:49:06 Difference Between All Five Types

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The presence or absence of molecular oxygen can be a critical factor in the ability of bacteria to grow in each environment. When bacteria use oxygen in cellular respiration and other chemical reactions, toxic superoxide and peroxides are produced. These highly reactive byproducts damage the cell unless they are quickly neutralized. Aerobic bacteria (grow in O2 environments) produce enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and/or superoxide dismutase that break down toxic forms of oxygen and their intermediate byproducts. Bacteria called anaerobes produce ATP via anaerobic means (anaerobic respiration and/or fermentation). Anaerobes have no tolerance for oxygen since they cannot produce catalase, peroxidase and/or superoxide dismutase to remove toxic byproducts of O2.

Bacterial species are classified by their oxygen requirements as follows:

obligate aerobes: Produce ATP via aerobic respiration. Require around 20% atmospheric oxygen.
microaerophiles: Produce ATP via aerobic respiration or fermentation. Require between 5-15% atmospheric oxygen for growth.
aerotolerant anaerobes: Produce ATP via anaerobic respiration and can conduct fermentation. Oxygen can be present, but they do not utilize it for ATP production or fermentation.
facultative anaerobes: Produce ATP via aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and/or fermentation. These organisms grow equally well in aerobic or anaerobic environments.
obligate anaerobes: Produce ATP via anaerobic respiration or fermentation. These bacteria die in the presence of O2 because they lack the enzymes needed to break down toxic forms of oxygen and their intermediate byproducts.
Since bacterial species differ in their oxygen requirements, testing this feature is useful for identifying and characterizing bacterial species.


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