Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes the anatomical structures of the knee in a very simple and easy way.
Bony structures of the knee
•Femur
•Patella
•Tibia
•Tibial tubercle
•Tibial plateau
•Lateral epicondyle
•Medial epicondyle
The patellar tendon is continuation of the quadriceps muscles that inserts into the tibial tubercle. Anteriorly, the condyles are separated by a smooth shallow articular depression called the patellar articular surface. Posteriorly, the intercondylar fossa of the femur is present between the condyles. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) originates from the tibia anteriorly and inserts into the lateral condyle of the femur. The function of the ACL is to provide stability in the knee joint by preventing the tibia from sliding too far forward in relation to the femur. Tears of th ACL are one of the most common types of knee injuries.
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) originates from the tibia posteriorly to the medial condyle of the femur. The function of the PCL is to prevent the tibia from displacing posteriorly in relation to the femur.
The collateral ligaments are found on the sides of the knee and they are responsible for providing sideways stability of the knee joint.
The meniscus is a tissue made of cartilage that act as “shock absorbers” between the femur and tibia. The two menisci of the knee joint are pads of tissue which serve to limit friction in the knee joint between the tibia and the femur.
There are also several bursa located around the knee that help reduce friction between the moving structures of the knee.
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