Explains the Constellation Diagram in Digital Communications and how it relates to real transmitted signals.
Note that the "average power" term at the bottom is actually the average _energy_ (it would be the average power if I'd included at 1/T term). It's just a scaling of T between the two, so sometimes the final equation for the measured signal y_k is written with P's (Power) and sometimes with E's (Energy). Depending on which is put there, the variance of the noise term n_k is either N_0 (for the Power version) or N_0W (for the energy version). This video has more details: "What are SNR and Eb/No?" [ Ссылка ]
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