Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. It may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The discomfort also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Angina pain may even feel like indigestion.But, angina is not a disease. It is a symptom of an underlying heart problem, usually coronary heart disease (CHD).There are many types of angina, including microvascular angina, Prinzmetal's angina, stable angina, unstable angina and variant angina.
This usually happens because one or more of the coronary arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia.
Angina can also be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). This is heart disease that affects the heart’s smallest coronary arteries and is more likely to affect women than men. Coronary MVD also is called cardiac syndrome X and non-obstructive CHD. Learn more about angina in women.
Depending on the type of angina you have, there are many factors that can trigger angina pain. The symptoms also vary based on the type of angina you have.

Types of Angina
Knowing the types of angina and how they differ is important.
Stable Angina / Angina Pectoris
Unstable Angina
Variant (Prinzmetal) Angina
Microvascular Angina

Understand Your Risk for Angina
If you’re at risk for heart disease or coronary MVD, you’re also at risk for angina. The major risk factors for heart disease and coronary MVD include:
Unhealthy cholesterol levels
High blood pressure
Smoking
Diabetes
Overweight or obesity
Metabolic syndrome
Inactivity
Unhealthy diet
Older age (The risk increases for men after 45 years of age and for women after 55 years of age.)
Family history of early heart disease
Diagnosis of Angina
All chest pain should be checked out by a healthcare provider. If you have chest pain, your doctor will want to find out whether it's angina and if it is, whether the angina is stable or unstable. If it's unstable, you may need emergency medical treatment to try to prevent a heart attack.
Your doctor will most likely perform a physical exam, ask about your symptoms, and ask about your risk factors for and your family history of heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions.
Treatment of Angina
All chest pain should be checked by a doctor. If your doctor thinks that you have unstable angina or that your angina is related to a serious heart condition, they may recommend the following tests and procedures:
EKG (Electrocardiogram)
Stress Testing
Blood Tests
Chest X-Rays
Coronary Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization
Computed Tomography Angiography
Treatment of angina includes:
Lifestyle changes
Medicines
Cardiac procedures
Cardiac Rehab
These treatments will help reduce pain and discomfort and how often the angina pain occurs. They will also prevent or lower your risk for heart attack and death by treating whatever underlying cardiovascular condition you may have.
Not all chest pain is a sign of heart disease.

Other conditions also can cause chest pain, such as:
Pulmonary embolism (a blockage in a lung artery)
Aortic dissection (tearing of a major artery)
A lung infection
Aortic stenosis (narrowing of the heart’s aortic valve)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)
Pericarditis (inflammation in the tissues that surround the heart)

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