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Introduction: Siddhartha or Gautam Buddha was the founder of Buddhism.
Buddhism is a school of Indian philosophy which deals with an elaboration of the teachings of Buddha.
It is regarded as a heterodox school (or nastik) for it rejects the authority of the Vedas.
Buddha was mainly an ethical teacher who rejected metaphysics and metaphysical concepts.
He only preached orally or he only taught via conversations.
The literature that we today study is the result of oral instructions imparted by his disciples to the successive generations.
Buddhism will be studied under the two major headings- Epistemology and Ethics.
Literature: Our knowledge regarding the teachings of Buddha is dependent upon the three baskets or tripitakas.
The three baskets or the tripitakas are in the Pali dialect.
The three baskets are;
Vinayapitaka: It deals with the rules of conduct for the congregation or sangha.
Suttapitaka: It deals with Buddha’s sermons and dialogues.
Abhidhammapitaka: It contains the expositions of philosophical theories.
The Four Noble Truths: The four Noble truths of Buddhism are also called, “Arya-satya”
Life is full of suffering or “sarvam duhkha”
Life is full of misery, suffering and pain even the so-called pleasures are really fraught with pain.
According to Buddha, there is suffering in the world and this suffering is in fact a common experience.
For example, poverty, disease, old age, debts, selfishness, meanness, greed, anger, hatred, quarrels, bickering, conflicts, exploitation, et cetera are rampantly present in the world.
There is a cause of suffering or “duhkha-samudaya”
According to Buddha everything has a cause, nothing comes out of nothing or Ex Nihilo Nihil Fit.
In other words, the existence of every event depends upon its causes and conditions.
As a result, everything in this world is conditional, relative, and limited in nature.
So, suffering being an effect, must have a cause, it must depend on some conditions.
This is also called the causal law of Dependent Origination.
Introduction @0:06
Literature @0:51
The Three Baskets @1:03
The Four Noble Truths @1:24
Life is full of Suffering or “Sarvam Duhkha” @1:31
There is Cause of Suffering or “Duhkha-samudaya” @2:08
There is a Cessation of Suffering or Duhkha-Nirodha @2:39
There is the way to the Cessation of Suffering or Duhkha-Nirodha-Marga or Duhkha-Nirodha-Gamini Pratipat @3:13
The Eight –Fold Path @3:32
Right Faith or Samyag-Drsihti @3:48
Right Resolve or Samyag-Sankalpa @3:54
Right Speech or Samyag Vaak @4:09
Right Action or Samyag Karmanta @4:19
Right Living or Samyag Ajiva @4:47
Right effort or Samyag Vyayama @5:02
Right Thought or Samyag Smriti @5:13
Right Concentration or Samyag Smadhi @5:28
Madhyam – Pratipada @6:28
Pratityasamutpada @7:32
The 12 Chains of Dependent Origination or Pratityasamutpada @8:41
Questions @10:34
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0:00 Introduction
0:06 Introduction
0:52 Literature
1:24 The Four Noble Truths
3:33 The Eight-Fold Path
6:28 Madhyam-Pratipada
10:32 Questions #ugcnet #doorsteptutor #examrace
