This talk was recorded at the 2nd International Conference on Holography and its Applications.

Abstract: Observations of the universe have revealed a surprising economy in its basic laws
and structure. In this light, we have attempted to find new, simpler solutions to cosmology’s
central puzzles. Instead of postulating a pre-hot big bang period, such as inflation or a cosmic
bounce, each of which brings with it a great degree of arbitrariness, we extrapolate the
observed, extremely simple universe all the way back to the initial singularity. Conformal
symmetry allows us to analytically extend the observed cosmos to a mirror image of it before
the bang, and the method of images allows us to impose CPT symmetry on the quantum state.
In this way, we provide the simplest-yet explanation of the dark matter as consisting of a
single stable, massive RH neutrino. Forthcoming large scale galaxy surveys will closely test this
hypothesis. The baryon asymmetry can likewise readily be accounted for. We use our new
boundary conditions to calculate the gravitational entropy for fully realistic cosmologies, with
radiation, matter, lambda and space curvature. We find the gravitational entropy favours flat
universes, obviating inflation. It also favours a small, positive cosmological constant. Recently,
we discovered a new cure for the leading order divergences of standard model quantum fields
coupled to gravity, requiring no new particles. Remarkably, it explains why there are three
generations of standard model fermions. The mechanism uses dimension zero fields, which
are naturally conformal invariant and, in conformally flat spacetimes, have a single physical
state – the vacuum. In this state, they have scale-invariant fluctuations. I will show how these
generate scale-invariant, primordial curvature perturbations of the correct amplitude to
explain the observed cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the formation of
galaxies. I will also discuss potentially observable signatures.


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