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13 september 1848

It was on this date the last armed confrontation between the Romanian principality and an ottoman army.
The 1848 revolution in the Romanian principality, close connected to the failed revolution in the Moldavian principality, wanted to overthrow the administration imposed by Russian imperial authorities, requesting among others giving up the privileges of the boyars.
Led by a young group of intelectuals and officers of the army, the movement succeded in overthrowing the ruler at that time, Gheorghe Bibescu, which was substituted with a temporary government and voted a series of progressive reforms, announced in the Islaz Proclamation.
The Islaz Proclamation was the program adopted on 9th of June 1848 by the revolutionary movement in the Romanian principality, after the reading of Ion Heliade Radulescu. It is considered the first modern constitution of Romania.
The government tried to implement the democratic reforms but the adversaries of the 1848 revolution, the great imperial European powers have intervened.
So, on the 13th of September, three powerful ottoman military rows entered Bucharest and arrested the leading revolutionaries and crushed the resistance of an unarmed people.
In front of one of the ottoman armies, led by Kerim-pasa were the troops under colonel Radu Golescu, commander of the Bucharest Garison. The colonel had the Battalion 2 and the 7th Company placed on Spirii Hill, under the charge of major Nicolae Greceanu. To this location, the fire brigade under captain Pavel Zaganescu was heading also.
Kerim-Pasa had requested colonel Radu Golescu to disarm his troops and he replied that the duty of a solider is to die with his weapon in arms and he will be much more pleased so than disarmed. Kerim-Pasa ordered the troops to retreat to the city, in order to resolve the situation by diplomatic means.
On their way back, the ottoman troop encountered the fire brigade on it`s way to Spirii Hill and an incident which was the spark that fueled the battle. It was a small bridge that made the fire brigade company pass very close to the ottoman troops.
On it`s passing, the sub-lieutenant Balasan touch with his elbow an ottoman artillery member, apparently non-significant, the hatred between the two nations sparked the battle as Balasa was strucked by a ottoman major with the back of the sword. Balasa then pulled out his gun and killed the ottoman major and then fired on Kerim-Pasa, killing his horse.
The battle was joined by the rest of the troops in order to defend their commander. The ottoman troops attacked violently the fire brigade company who puts up a monumental effort, cuts through the enemy lines and succeeds in joining the Alexandria barracks from Spirii Hill.
After a hard fought battle that took about 2,5 hours (from 4:30 after noon to 07:00 at night) the Romanian troops were scattered and the Turkish military took over Bucharest and the revolution from 1848 in the Romanian principality was squashed.
Even tough this fight ended up with the defeat of the Romanian troops, historically, this battle sanctifies the national will of self-determination, giving the ultimate sacrifice for it.
For the memory of the fire brigadiers fallen into the battle, on the Spirii Hill, in 1901 was erected the Fire brigadiers Monument in Bucharest, having a history troubled as the memory is celebrating.
The day of 13th September was celebrated as Day of the Romanian fire brigadiers but was legalized starting with 1953.

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