Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are a group of drugs that act by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin inhibitors. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are commonly used in the treatment of patients with hypertension, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and certain types of chronic kidney disease, as well as patients who have had a myocardial infarction. Due to their ability to stop the progression of diabetic nephropathy, they are particularly crucial in the treatment of hypertensive diabetic patients. Angio edema and hyperkalemia are possible adverse effects of both ACE inhibitors and ARB use, while bradykinin-induced cough is a typical side effect of ACE inhibitors that may need switching to an alternate medication (such as ARBs).
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