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First step: strands are separated
• Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork
• SSBs coat the single strands to prevent reannealing
• Polymerase attaches nucleotide at 3' end
• Synthesis is in 5' to 3' direction
DNA Polymerase:
• Only extends nucleic acid chain
• Cannot begin from scratch
Solution:
• Primase synthesizes RNA primers
• Each of the two new strands gets synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
• One new strand is synthesized continuously
• The other new strand is synthesized discontinuously
• The sliding clamp allows DNA to be processive
• Leading strand is synthesized continuously
• Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously
• DNA pieces separated by RNA primers in lagging strand are Okazaki fragments
