Theoretical Seminar at The Department of Physics & Engineering, ITMO | 27 Jan 2021
Prof. Dmitry Karlovets
Tomsk State University, Russia
Title: «Vortex particles with orbital angular momentum: models, properties, and perspectives»
Abstract:
Photons, electrons, and neutrons carrying orbital angular momentum with respect to their propagation direction have been extensively studied during the last decade, both theoretically and experimentally. While twisted photons have already found applications in microscopic manipulations, quantum optics, atomic physics, and even astrophysics, massive particles with phase vortices are relatively new objects of study. They have been proved to be useful for electron microscopy, hadronic physics, neutron optics, high-energy and spin physics. I'll give an overview of the basic models and features of the vortex packets, relate them to the Laguerre-Gaussian beams, to the electron states in external electromagnetic fields, and to classical angular-momentum-dominated beams. I'll also discuss how the basic processes of QED get modified when vortex states come into play and why it is vital and timely to implement ideas and methods of quantum optics into hadronic and heavy-ion physics. Along with the vortex states, there are other non-Gaussian packets with the not-everywhere-positive Wigner functions -- such as, for instance, the Airy beams -- that can become a useful tool for quantum tomography and entanglement, quantum electron microscopy, and so forth.
00:00 Intro
00:58 - Start of the talk
1:52 Introduction
3:47 Non-Gaussian wave packets: twisted photons
5:29 Question by Mihail Petrov
6:28 Non-Gaussian wave packets: Vortex electrons
8:34 A classic counterpart: angular-momentum-dominated beams
11:27 Non-classicality connected with the phase approach
12:09 Landau states in magnetic field
13:27 Formulas, describing free vortex particles, obeying Schrödinger equation
16:45 Question by Ivan Iorsh
18:12 Question by Mihail Petrov
18:50 Question by Andrey Volotka
22:35 Question by Maxim Gorlach
23:07 Question by Mihail Petrov
23:57 Multiple moments
25:18 Non-Gaussian wave packets: Vortex neutrons
26:01 Schwinger scattering of twisted neutrons on nuclei
Non-Gaussian wave packets: Airy photons and electrons
28:00 Airy electrons: a rainbow made of matter-waves
30:46 Schrödinger ’s cat states
31:17 Quantum coherence and non-paraxiality: in scattering on atoms and targets
32:54 Twisted electrons as projectiles
34:26 Question by Andrey Volotka
35:27 In the phase-space approach
Quantum coherence and non-paraxiality: in relativistic particle scattering
37:23 Collision of two relativistic particles
40:26 Correction due to finite spatial coherence of the colliding packages (Born approximation)
42:07 Quantum coherence and non-paraxiality: in em radiation
Ideas to be developed
47:34 Can one put twist on protons and ions?
50:50 Can one accelerate vortex electrons up to several MeV?
52:19 Summary
55:19 Questions by Andrey Bogdanov
58:50 Question by Maxim Gorlach
1:00:50 Questions by Mihail Petrov
1:02:50 Question by Ivan Toftul
1:04:45 Question by Maxim Gorlach
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