Halloween may be over but we're still feeling spooky. Today we're going to look at Azazel; a figure known from occult sources but one thati also shows up in the Bible. In Leviticus 16 there is a ritual called the "scapegoat ritual." In it two goats are selected by lot - one for Yahweh and one for Azazel. The goat for Azazel is driven into the wilderness to Azazel. So who is this figure and what can we learn about him? Is this a sanctioned sacrifice to a demon in the Israelite priestly material? Let's take a look...
#Bible, #Archaeology, #angelsanddemons, #angels, #demons, #demon #spirits #halloween #Azazel #Asael #Enoch #scapegoat #Ebla #thescapegoat #Leviticus #satyr #thedevil #watchers #nephilim #MaryDouglas #JacobMilgrom #JuditBlair
If you are interested in learning more about this topic we suggest you start here:
Blair, Judit. De-demonising the Old Testament : an investigation of Azazel, Lilith, Deber, Qeteb and Reshef in the Hebrew Bible. Dissertation. University of Edinburgh: 2009.
Douglas, Mary. Leviticus as Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Heiser, Michael. The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015.
Heiser, Michael. Demons: What the Bible Really Says About the Powers of Darkness. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2020.
Hayim Tawil, “ʿAzazel, the Prince of the Steppe: A Comparative Study,” ZAW 92.1 (1980): 43–59.
Karol van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst, editors. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. 2nd Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
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00:00 Who is Azazel
01:00 Finding Azazel in the scapegoat ritual
03:30 Who or what is Azazel and why does he get a goat?
04:14 "to" or "for" Azazel?
04:41 The first scapegoat at Ebla
05:20 So who, or what, is Azazel anyways?
06:52 Azazel in Second Temple Literature
07:23 Summary of who/what Azazel is...
08:21 Is Israel sacrificing a goat to a demon in Leviticus 16?
08:37 Azazel may not be a demon... but also still is...
10:39 Mary Douglas' note on Azazel
11:27 Concluding Thoughts
13:09 Don't forget to subscribe!
