In this video, we show how to create a Certificate Authority Server using OpenSSL

A number of IT devices are managed through a web browser but these are supplied with a self-signed certificate

Aside from the annoying warning from the web browser that the certificate is not trusted, it's not a good security practice to use self-signed certificates

Instead, if you only use signed certificates from a certificate authority your web browser trusts, you are much more likely to spot a suspicious web site, whether private or public and avoid it

Once set up properly, the CA server can issue certificates to computers on your network and you can then connect to them securely through a web browser

We will be using an Ubuntu server for this installation but OpenSSL is available on other platforms

NOTE: In a large environment it is best to set up intermediary CA servers as well
However, given the lack of interest the likes of Google has in certificate revocation, we will only create a Root CA
Because if the intermediary server is compromised, it would be easier to replace the Root CA

NOTE: Google Chrome web browser insist on a Subject Alternate Name in the certificate, even if the server has only one name

Useful links:
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Steps taken:
1) Create the Root CA VM
Create a VM to install Ubuntu server for instance
(1vCPU, 1GB RAM, 16GB HDD, 1vNIC)
During the install process, opt to encrypt the disk and to install OpenSSH
However, do not install any other applications when prompted

2) Basic configuration
After enabling UFW, create folders for the CA
mkdir -p ca/{private,certs,newcerts,csr}
chmod -v 700 ca/private
Create an index file and serial file for the CA
touch ca/index
openssl rand -hex 16 ca/serial

NOTE: Check the video as the last line is missing redirect symbol which the description box does not accept

3) Create the Root CA private key
cd ca
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out private/root-ca.key 4096

4) Create the CA config file
See comment

5) Create the root CA self-signed certificate
openssl req -config root-ca.conf -extensions v3_ca -key private/root-ca.key -new -x509 -days 3650 -out certs/root-ca.crt

6) Create a server private key
openssl genrsa -out private/testserver.key 2048

7) Create a server CSR, using a config file
See comment
openssl req -new -key private/testserver.key -sha256 -out csr/testserver.csr -config csr/testserver-csr.conf
Check for the SAN
openssl req -noout -text -in csr/testserver.csr | grep -A 1 "Subject Alt"

8) Sign the server certificate request
openssl ca -config root-ca.conf -notext -in csr/testserver.csr -out certs/testserver.crt -extensions req_ext -extfile csr/testserver-csr.conf
Check for the SAN
openssl x509 -text -noout -in certs/testserver.crt | grep -A 1 "Subject Alt"

9) Configure web browser to trust the root CA
Firefox
Settings | Privacy & Security | View Certificates | Authorities | Import

Brave
Settings | Privacy & Security | Security | Manage certificates | Authorities | Import

10) Upload private key and certificate to the server, configure it to use these, then test on web browser

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Credits:
LoveLife | Instrumental Prod. Blue Mango | EQMUSEQ.COM by Don Da Vinci
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00:00 Intro
01:56 Timelines
02:30 Why create a CA?
08:09 How it works
13:20 Virtualization
16:00 Certificate revocation
24:08 Build VM
28:27 Initial set up
39:30 CA private key
49:34 Open SSL config file
59:28 CA certificate
01:11:40 Server private key
01:14:04 Server CSR
01:21:15 Sign CSR
01:30:34 Install Root certificate and test

CA Server - OpenSSL

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