Satellite galaxies are smaller galaxies that orbit larger galaxies. They are often gravitationally bound to a more massive host galaxy and are part of its larger cosmic structure. The term is commonly used in the context of galaxies within a galaxy group or galaxy cluster.
In the hierarchical structure of the universe, galaxies form groups and clusters. A large galaxy, often referred to as the "host" or "central" galaxy, can have smaller galaxies in its vicinity that are influenced by its gravitational pull. These smaller galaxies are called satellite galaxies.
For example, the Milky Way, our own galaxy, has several satellite galaxies, with the most notable ones being the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. These satellites orbit around the Milky Way and are held in place by its gravitational influence.
Satellite galaxies can play a crucial role in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. Their study helps astronomers learn more about the distribution of matter in the universe, the dynamics of galaxy interactions, and the influence of dark matter, which is believed to be a significant component in the formation of galaxy structures.
