The entire story "The Odyssey of Friedrich Kelmer" can be found on our YouTube channel.
(YouTube search: Russian Penal Camps in World War II)

Friedrich Kelmer flees Warsaw with Jewish friends to escape the Wehrmacht and SS. At the Eastern Front in Poland, they encounter the Red Army and the NKVD (Russian State Security). They are ordered to return to Warsaw. In search of work and food, they find employment in a tobacco factory. However, the tobacco factory is not a pleasant place. It is a labor camp where Mr. Kelmer and his friends must work under the harshest conditions. There, Mr. Kelmer is monitored by the Russian State Security. Persecuted by the Germans as a Jew and viewed by the Russians as a German spy, Mr. Kelmer is wrongfully convicted of espionage in Moscow in 1940, after a long period of pre-trial detention. Sentence: 20 years in the Russian Gulag Workuta (Siberian labor camp). The harshest punishment in the former USSR.

Eyewitness Friedrich Kelmer (*1920) / Recorded: 2006
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