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Rene Descartes | रेने देकार्त | Method Of Doubt | Mind Body Dualism | Cogito Ergo Sum | Philosophy For UPSC | IGNOU | NEET
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René Descartes was a French-born philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who spent a large portion of his working life in the Dutch Republic. One of the most notable intellectual figures of the Dutch Golden Age, Descartes is also widely regarded as one of the founders of modern philosophy.
Refusing to accept the authority of previous philosophers, Descartes frequently set his views apart from the philosophers who preceded him. In the opening section of the Passions of the Soul, an early modern treatise on emotions, Descartes goes so far as to assert that he will write on this topic "as if no one had written on these matters before." His best known philosophical statement is "cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"), found in Discourse on the Method and Principles of Philosophy.
Descartes has often been called the father of modern philosophy, and is largely seen as responsible for the increased attention given to epistemology in the 17th century. He laid the foundation for 17th-century continental rationalism, later advocated by Spinoza and Leibniz, and was later opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume.
In the 17th-century Dutch Republic, the rise of early modern rationalism – as a highly systematic school of philosophy in its own right for the first time in history – exerted an immense and profound influence on modern Western thought in general, with the birth of two influential rationalistic philosophical systems of Descartes and Spinoza – namely Cartesianism and Spinozism.
It was the 17th-century arch-rationalists like Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz who have given the "Age of Reason" its name and place in history. Leibniz, Spinoza, and Descartes were all well-versed in mathematics as well as philosophy, and Descartes and Leibniz contributed greatly to science as well.
Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes's influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry—used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes was also one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution.
Source : Wikipedia
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Western philosophy lectures for exams like UPSC, RPSC, UPPCS, NEET, JRF, IGNOU, etc. for Hindi & English medium students.
Based on Patanjali classes, this lecture covers Rene Descartes in western philosophy.
Related topics like rationalism, Cartesian method or method of doubt, mind body dualism, Descartes proof for the existence of god, etc. are discussed.
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