The Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania have a history and culture that is intricately entwined with that of the Adumu traditional dance. Although the dance's beginnings are unclear, it is thought to have developed as a method for Maasai warriors to train for combat and display their stamina, agility, and power. Maasai history claims that the dance was initially performed by young warriors as a method to hone their leaping and jumping abilities, which were necessary for both hunting and combat. The dance started to be performed at significant cultural occasions including weddings, religious rituals, and other festivals as it evolved into a more organized, ritualized dance.

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