Germs can travel way farther than you might think.
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William Firth Well’s sneeze powder experiments:
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Bourouiba, L., Dehandschoewercker, E., Bush, J.W.M (2014). Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 745, 537-563. doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.88
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For additional information about the study of respiratory disease transmission via sneezes and its fluid dynamics please visit the MIT Fluid Dynamics of Disease Transmission Laboratory of Prof. Lydia Bourouiba
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Vomiting Larry - A demonstration and explanation from his creator:
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Makison Booth, C. (2014). Vomiting Larry: a simulated vomiting system for assessing environmental contamination from projectile vomiting related to norovirus infection. Journal of Infection Prevention, 15(5), 176–180. [ Ссылка ]:
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To learn more about Vomiting Larry—and lots of other cool projects—visit the UK’s Health and Safety Laboratory site:
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Tung-Thompson, G., Libera, D.A., Koch, K.L., de los Reyes, F.L. III, Jaykus, L-A. (2015) Aerosolization of a Human Norovirus Surrogate, Bacteriophage MS2, during Simulated Vomiting. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0134277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134277:
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The Vomiting Machine
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Host, Producer, Editor, Animator, Additional Research
Anna Rothschild

Researcher, Writer
Elizabeth Preston

DP, Sound, Additional Research
Ceri Riley

Ragtime Piano
Music Provided by APM

©WGBH Educational Foundation 2015

IMAGES AND FOOTAGE

Fred Ott Sneeze (Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze)
William K.L. Dickson

Coughs and Sneezes
Public Information Films, National Health Service UK

High Speed Footage of Sneezing
Courtesy Prof. Lydia Bourouiba
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Welcome Back To School
Pond5/spidey888777

Fan Turbine Behind A Dark Surface
Pond5/maddrat

Vomiting Larry - A demonstration and explanation for his creator
Courtesy Health and Safety Laboratory and Dr. Catherine Makison-Booth
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Norovirus EM PHIL 2172 lores
Wikimedia Commons/CDC

Vomiting Machine Face
Grace Tung-Thompson

Fig 2. Photo of a Simulated Vomiting Episode.
Tung-Thompson et al. 2015

Vomiting Machine Whole Thing
Grace Tung-Thompson

Norovirus 4
Wikimedia Commons/Graham Beards

SFX

Cockroaches
Freesound/StateAardvark­
(used with permission from author)

Squeak Pack/squeak_10
Freesound/Corsica_S

Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital Studios

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