In this section, Arendt discusses the history behind the term "vita activa", especially as it developed from the classical Greek notion of the "bios politikos", the political life. Arendt notes the tension that exists between the concepts of the political versus philosophical life, and between the occupational lives bound by the necessity of labour and the free lives of citizens in the public sphere, which would go on to define much of Western political theory.

Arendt, H. (1998). The human condition. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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