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Typically, a smoker's lungs have more inflammation than healthy lungs. The chemicals in cigarettes may damage the tissues in the lungs, which leads to inflammation. Lung inflammation narrows the airways, often causing chest tightness and wheezing.
You’ve heard it a million times: Smoking is bad for you. You may not realize though, how much tobacco changes your lungs and their ability to bring oxygen into your body. The damage becomes clear when you look at the differences between healthy lungs and those of a smoker.


When Lungs Are Healthy
Healthy lungs look and feel like sponges. They’re pink, squishy, and flexible enough to squeeze and expand with each breath. Their main job is to take oxygen out of the air you breathe and pass it into your blood.


When you inhale, air enters your body through your windpipe, or trachea, the tube that connects your mouth and nose with your lungs. The air then travels through bronchial tubes, which move air in and out of your lungs. All along your airways, mucus and hair-like structures called cilia get rid of dust or dirt that comes in with the air. Air keeps moving through your airways until it reaches tiny balloon-like air sacs in your lungs, called alveoli. From there, the oxygen moves into your blood.


When you exhale, your lungs remove carbon dioxide from your blood in a process called gas exchange.


Smoking throws this entire process out of balance.


How Smoking Changes Your Lungs
A single puff of cigarette smoke has more than 7,000 chemicals. When you breathe it in, these toxins go deep into your lungs and inflame them. Your airways start to make too much mucus. That leads to problems like coughing, bronchitis, and pneumonia.


Toxins make the tiny airways in your lungs swell. This can make your chest feel tight and can cause wheezing and shortness of breath. If you continue smoking, the inflammation can build into scar tissue, which makes it harder to breathe. Sticky tar from tobacco builds up inside your lungs too. After years of smoking, it can give them a black color.


The nicotine in cigarette smoke paralyzes and kills cilia. That means your airways can’t filter the dust and dirt in the air you breathe. It also makes you more likely to get colds and other respiratory infections.
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